Category: Endocrinology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a novel therapy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

July 11, 2018 Aparna Sarode
Aparna Sarode Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease in which pancreatic β-cells do not produce sufficient insulin and peripheral cells become insulin resistant.1 Insulin resistant cells have a reduced intake of glucose which leads to the hyperglycemic condition characteristic of T2DM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)…
Endocrinology

Using Pro-Insulin Peptide Immunotherapy to Elicit a Foxp3 T-regulatory Response and Suppress Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

July 11, 2018 Laure Cundiff
Laure Cundiff Introduction.  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell destruction of host pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia and long-term vascular complications.1,2  HLA-DQ-restricted CD4 T-cells are found in the pancreatic islets of these patients, causing IFN-γ mediated destruction of insulin producing cells.4,5,6  Further,…
Endocrinology Featured Abstracts Immunology Inflammation

Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Mass Using Embryonic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

October 10, 2017 Alesha White
Alesha White Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that depletes b cell mass and insulin production thus rendering patients incapable of regulating glucose levels1-4. Patients often present with symptoms between the ages of 5 and 7 and over time, T1DM is noted for causing multi-organ failure2-3.…
Endocrinology Stem Cells

The Role of Estrogen in the Renin-Angiotensin Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

October 10, 2017 Neha Ali
Neha Ali  Introduction. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in men and women in the USA. However, the risk of developing CV disease increases among women following menopause5. With increasing life expectancy, women may spend more than three decades in this postmenopausal state, increasing the likelihood of metabolic…
Cardiology Endocrinology

Pancreatic Epigenetics and hESC: Curing Type 1 Diabetes

October 4, 2017 Haseeb Khatri
Haseeb Khatri Introduction: Insulin secreted by pancreatic β cells play a large role in maintaining glucose homeostasis.1 Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that impacts this homeostasis by destroying β cells, leading to hyperglycemia.2 Uncontrolled blood glucose levels can lead to multi-organ dysfunction.1 Current treatments include…
Endocrinology

The Role of Early Pregnancy’s Downregulation of Hormone Responsive Cells and Wnt Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Protection

September 21, 2017 Haley Griffin
Haley Griffin  Introduction: Breast cancer is the predominant cancer and second cause of death due to women. The mammary epithelium undergoes extensive changes throughout a women’s life, and these developmental alterations are associated with progesterone and estrogen. As a result, ER+/PR+ subtype breast cancers are especially linked to reproductive risk…
Cancer Endocrinology

Induction of regulatory T-cells to treat Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

September 21, 2017 Gina Do
Gina Do Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the host’s immune system attacks pancreatic β-cells, causing insufficient insulin production and, therefore, hyperglycemia1. Symptomatic progression of T1D often occurs during childhood and adolescence, with new diagnoses estimated at almost 90,000 children annually worldwide1. There is no…
Endocrinology Immunology

The Role of Estrogen in the Renin-Angiotensin Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

September 21, 2017 Neha Ali
Neha Ali  Introduction. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in men and women in the USA. However, the risk of developing CV disease increases among women following menopause5. With increasing life expectancy, women may spend more than three decades in this postmenopausal state, increasing the likelihood of metabolic…
Cardiology Endocrinology