Category: Orthopedics

The Regulation of Macrophage Polarization through Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

June 22, 2022 Aniruth Srinivasaraghavan
Aniruth Srinivasaraghavan Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the irreversible degeneration and dysfunction of articular cartilage and adjacent tissues that eventually leads to joint destructions1,2. Non-pharmacological treatment such as exercise, weight loss, as walking aids as indicated are recommended for first line of treatment. Exercise therapy is recommended for helping to decrease…
Immunology Inflammation Orthopedics

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Achilles Tendon Healing Through Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Ratio

June 16, 2022 Daniel Lindahl
Daniel Lindahl Introduction: Achilles tendon ruptures are extremely prevalent in both athletes and the general populace, accounting for 20% of all large tendon ruptures.1 Both surgical and non-surgical treatment are aimed at approximating tendon edges to promote healing, however re-rupture rates remain high due to unresolved inflammation.1,2 Macrophages play a…
Immunology Orthopedics Stem Cells

Biodegradable Magnesium Screw Implants Decrease Inflammatory Response and Enhance Osteogenesis in Orthopedic Traumas

June 2, 2022 Swati Iyer
Swati Iyer Introduction: There is a high national burden of orthopedic trauma, which often leads to the use of fixation devices in orthopedic surgical procedures1-2. Previous treatment options for femoral fractures included inserting stainless steel, titanium alloys or cobalt-chromium alloy screws into the bone at the site of the fracture,…
Inflammation Orthopedics

Mechanical Vibration Induces Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts at the Expense of Adipocyte Differentiation through Activation of Wnt Pathway and Inhibition of PPARgamma Nuclear Hormone Receptor in Osteoporotic Bone

May 31, 2022 Dakota Doucet
Dakota Doucet Introduction. Osteoporosis (OP) in post-menopausal women causes abnormally low bone mineral density, bone fragility, and high bone marrow adipocyte content. With 54 million currently afflicted in the United States and another 120 million predicted to suffer from OP by 2050 in China1, substantial efforts have been directed towards…
Orthopedics Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Modulating Osteoinduction via Wnt Signaling Pathway

May 29, 2022 Sarah Abduljabbar
Sarah Abduljabbar Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease, involving structural alterations in the hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovium, and periarticular muscles.[1] It is the leading cause of pain and disability in adults. The hallmarks of OA include joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, and…
Orthopedics Stem Cells