Category: Orthopedics

Current and future use of stem cells for orthopedic tissue engineering: Autologous stem cells from adipose stromal vascular fraction in non-unions.

October 10, 2017 Patrick Tansey
Patrick Tansey  Introduction: The long-bone fracture healing process requires a hematoma formation, callus formation, angiogenesis and remodeling of the bony-callus over years with osteoblast and osteoclast activity.1 Bone regeneration should occur spontaneously after initial intervention, however up to 10% of all fractures fail to complete healing and are classified as…
Orthopedics Stem Cells

Improving Osteoconduction and Osteoinduction of Bone Grafts Utilizing Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Proteins with Scaffolding in Non-Union Fractures

October 10, 2017 Chad Smith
Chad Smith  Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States, with an estimated 5.5 million fractures occurring annually16. Every bone fracture has the potential to develop into a nonunion fracture, with an occurrence rate of 5-10%16. Current bone grafting procedures for the treatment of nonunion…
Orthopedics

The Effects of Sclerostin Depletion in Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma syndrome

October 4, 2017 Malina Patel
Malina Patel  Introduction. Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused  by a loss-of-function mutation in the low-density lipoprotein related protein 5 (LRP5) gene[1]. OPPG is characterized with early onset of osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, and eye abnormalities leading to blindness (pseudoglioma). LRP5 is a cell-surface…
Neuroscience Orthopedics

The Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Articular Cartilage

October 4, 2017 Adam Olson
Adam Olson  Introduction. Damage to articular cartilage often results from physical trauma or age-related abrasion.4 In all cases, however, it leads to constant pain and functional limitations, and can predispose individuals to osteoarthritis.1,2,4 Once damaged, the poorly vascularized tissue is slow to repair, and often heals improperly.1-4 Many of the…
Orthopedics Stem Cells

The use of co-cultures and in situ tissue engineering as a means of improving angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering.

October 4, 2017 Wade Nedderman
Wade Nedderman Introduction: Bone disorders have trended upwards recently, especially in populations plagued by obesity and the aging baby boomer population1. Autografts are the current gold standard for bone replacement as a result of its histocompatibility and non-immunogenic properties1. Autografts do have limitations though, including donor site deformity and potentially…
Orthopedics

Orthobiologics and the Role of Osteoinductive Proteins in Bone Repair: With Emphasis on Human Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMPs)

September 21, 2017 Garret Hisle
Garret Hisle  Introduction: The process of bone repair and the healing of bone fractures caused by trauma or disease has a significant clinical relevance due to the limited effectiveness in current treatment options. Among the Osteoinductive growth factors used for bone tissue stimulation, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most…
Orthopedics