Sabik Chowdhury Introduction: With the incredible advances in surgical technique, there has been an increasing number of procedures performed in utero and in the first few years of life.11 In neonates, this is a critical period of CNS development in which neurons are vulnerable to damage.7 Sevoflurane is a volatile…

Michael Campos Introduction. Parkinson’s Disease is the result of progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra.1 Cardinal features include resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and a variety of other motor and non-motor symptoms.2 The key molecular pathogenic mechanisms include neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, alpha-synuclein misfolding and…

Anna Bergquist Introduction: Mental illness accounts for around 32.4% of the total number of years lived with a disability worldwide, with depression and anxiety disorders being the first and sixth leading causes of disability respectively.1 The NIH states that 7.1% of U.S. adults experienced major depressive disorder and 2.7% of…

Sara Ahmed Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is defined by the presence of β-amyloid peptide and neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in cortical and limbic areas. 1,2 Overall, the main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include a progressive loss of episodic memory…

Rasik Jankay Introduction.  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of preventable intellectual disability which refers to the range of effects that can occur due to prenatal alcohol exposure. Typical manifestations in the child include facial anomalies such as short palpebral fissures, thin vermilion border, and smooth philtrum,…

Lauren Fitzgerald  Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons and the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease.1 The mean age of onset is 55 years, and symptoms include denervation, muscle wasting, and weakness.2,3 Death from respiratory failure typically occurs 3-5 years…