Carine Rizk Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States in 20201. Among patients diagnosed with CRC, 20% have a metastatic growth and 40% have a recurrence after initial local treatment, making the prognosis poor, with a 5-year survival rate of…

Jacob Paris Introduction: Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the most common central nervous system tumors diagnosed in children and have a very poor prognosis. This diagnosis has a typical post-diagnosis survival of 5.6 months after intervention1-3. New research has shown that the classification of these tumors by gene mutations shows…

Hunter Mansfield Introduction:  Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor bone, and can affect any bone in the body but primarily affects the long bones. The condition is rare, with only about 900 cases diagnosed per year, 45% of which being children.1 Osteosarcoma is heavily associated with ionizing radiation exposure and…

Michael Geng Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second most lethal cancer globally.1,3,4 Twenty percent of patients present with metastatic CRC when diagnosed, and an additional 25% of patients who present with local disease will develop metastatic CRC during their treatment course.1 In recent decades, increasing evidence…

Hannah Bass Introduction. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes act as tumor suppressor genes by coding proteins that repair DNA or induce apoptosis1. When mutated, these genes are unable to arrest cell proliferation, and benign or malignant tumors can form. BRCA mutations are classically associated with breast and ovarian cancer; however, recent…