Kevin Windecker Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is one of the most common types of congenital heart malformations1,2 and occurs in 0.5–2% of the population worldwide3. In this condition, the aortic valve, which typically is comprised of three leaflets, consists of […]
Kevin Varghese Introduction. Ischemia is the blockage of arterial supply to live tissue, and prolonged ischemia leads to various types of tissue necrosis1,2, which occurs in response to the release of cytokines. Angiogenesis is a response to ischemia, which is […]
Eric Swanson Introduction. Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of stroke, disease burden and death worldwide (1) In the United States, it affects 46% of adults and it is estimated that 13-17% of adults with HTN have uncontrolled or resistant […]
Danielle Shahin Introduction. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, or SIDS, describes the condition in which a baby unexplainedly dies during its first year of life.1,3 SIDS is the leading cause of death in post-neonates (28 days to 1 year), and the […]
Melanie L. Painter Introduction. Myocardial infarction results from insufficient blood flow to the heart. Endogenous lymphangiogenesis is initiated after myocardial infarction and serves a protective role against the development of heart failure by reducing inflammation and edema.3 Vascular Endothelial Growth […]
Chris Ortigoza Introduction. Heart disease is the greatest cause of death in the United States.1 Hypertension represents the most important modifiable risk factor implicated in heart disease,2 representing a major risk factor in coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy3, heart […]
Clarence Lim Introduction. Renovascular hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mmHg with renovascular etiologies7. Renovascular hypertension accounts for approximately 3% of cases in unselected hypertensive patients7. […]
Jacob Kang Introduction: Over 11 million people receive emergency treatment for burn wounds annually1. The surgical excision of subcutaneous tissue, necessary for skin grafting, often causes a deformity by creating an indentation. The injection of new adipose tissue, used as a cosmetic […]
Adiba Hasnat Introduction. Angiotensin II hypertension is strongly linked to the immune system since many of the detrimental effects are caused by the inflammatory response mediated by immune cells such as Th17 cells7. Th17 have been shown to augment and […]
Sebastian Garcia Introduction: Essential hypertension involves an elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure, usually greater than mmHg, that is not caused by secondary factors such as underlying disease1,4. Angiotensin II plays a major role in the development of essential hypertension […]