Category: Orthopedics

Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain Associated with Amputations Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Techniques: A Review

June 23, 2023 Hannah Reckmeyer
Hannah Reckmeyer Background:  Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a condition that has been recognized for centuries, yet its pathophysiology has remained poorly understood. Fortunately, research in recent decades has shed light on this debilitating condition and its treatment methods, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). PLP is defined as the…
Engineering Medicine Neuroscience Orthopedics

Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Disc Degeneration by Modulation of the WNT Signaling Pathway

June 22, 2023 Val Lumani
Val Lumani Background:  Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of back pain worldwide2. Its underlying molecular mechanisms consists of a myriad of pathways, one of the main ones being degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and it’s extracellular matrix2. The nucleus pulposus (NP) consists of type II collagen and proteoglycans,…
Neuroscience Orthopedics Stem Cells

Osteoarthritis Treatment: The Role of the WNT and BMP Pathways in Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

June 21, 2023 Jerry Liu
Jerry Liu Background: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic joint disease3, and is a leading cause of disability in older adults.1 OA involves the entire joint and works by causing articular cartilage loss.3 Pain, along with loss of range of motion, are both major symptoms of osteoarthritis.1,2 First-line treatment involves…
Featured Abstracts Orthopedics Stem Cells

Relating the Efficacy of Rigid Braces in Treating Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis to Patient Quality of Life in Brace

June 29, 2022 Steven Maxwell
Gabrielle Rogie Introduction. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is defined as an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, greater than 10* Cobb angle, without any underlying cause. Scoliosis presents as an abnormal shape of the back and waistline, uneven shoulders, and rib protrusion when instructed to bend forward. Further diagnosis is…
Engineering Medicine Orthopedics

Mechanical Load-Induced Articular Collagen Remodeling as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Rheumatoid Arthritis

June 28, 2022 Alexandra Ramos
Alexandra Ramos Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints. Women are twice as likely to develop RA, and increasing age is another risk factor1. RA has a multifactorial etiology but is characterized by autoantibodies that target citrullinated proteins, leading to inflammatory cells infiltrating and secreting…
Engineering Medicine Immunology Inflammation Orthopedics

The Role of Biogenetics for PRP Injections in Lateral Epicondylitis

June 24, 2022 Krishna Anand
Krishna Anand Introduction. Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is caused by the overuse of the wrist extensors, typically from repetitive movements with the forearm in the pronated position1. Treatment options for patients with aggravating and persistent LE are limited non-operatively1. Current modalities of treatment include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and physical…
Engineering Medicine Inflammation Orthopedics

Integration of Metals via 3D Printing to Promote Bone Regeneration and Repair in Patients with Osteoporosis

June 24, 2022 Muhammad Nabeel Akram
Muhammad Nabeel Akram Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disorder in which bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone durability are all diminished, and the patients’ BMD T-score is less than 2.5 standard deviations.1 Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, which results in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds.2…
Engineering Medicine Orthopedics