Garret Hisle Introduction: The process of bone repair and the healing of bone fractures caused by trauma or disease has a significant clinical relevance due to the limited effectiveness in current treatment options. Among the Osteoinductive growth factors used for bone tissue stimulation, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most widely studied (5). BMPs induce […]
Category: Orthopedics
MSCs Trigger Cytokine Signaling Cascade to Create Favorable Niche for Osteogenesis
Courtney Beard Introduction: Use of stem cells to repair or regenerate orthopedic tissue recently has become an area of intense research due to the high prevalence of tissue defects and injury. While bone tissue has been shown to be an extremely capable tissue when it comes to regeneration, large bony defect repair continues to be […]
Tissue Engineering, a useful addition to traditional surgical repair of the peroneal tendons?
Christopher Melton It is estimated that 50 million sports injuries occur each year in the United States and the most common of those athletic injuries are ankle injuries1. The peroneal brevis and peroneal longus tendons are among the most frequently injured ankle tendons and are a source of chronic ankle pain2. Traditionally, peroneal tendon ruptures […]
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 for Enhanced Bone Healing: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Emerging Research
Joshua L. Crapps Introduction. Delayed union and nonunion bone fractures fail to fuse by 6 or 9 months post-injury, respectively, with no progression for an additional 3 months in those classified as nonunion.1 Of the 7.9 million annual fractures in the United States, 600,000 exhibit delayed union and 100,000 progress to nonunion.1-3 The current standard […]
Emerging Technologies in Bone Repair and Spine Fusion: Stem Cell Strategies
Kathleen F. Lundquist Introduction. Spondylolisthesis is defined as the forward slippage of a vertebra without rupture of the posterior arc, usually inducing lumbar canal stenosis with a prevalence estimated at 2.7% in males and 8.1% in females2. Spondylolisthesis is frequently treated via a spinal fusion surgical procedure if the degree of slippage is severe or […]
The Use of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Aid in Tendon-Bone Healing Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgical Repair
Zachary Grant Introduction. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears have an incidence of between 36.9 and 60.9 per 100,000 persons/year, resulting in approximately 200,000 injuries annually.5 They most commonly occur in athletes involved in sports that require contact and/or sharp, sudden movements.2 The current method of repair involves surgically removing the damaged ACL and replacing it […]