Haydn Scherry Introduction: Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that is susceptible to damage due to hypoxia. Conditions such as osteonecrosis arise when regions of the bone lose the blood supply that brings them nutrients and oxygen, resulting in cell […]
Clark Roth Introduction. Non-union is a serious complication of a fracture characterized by an arrest in the fracture repair process. It is estimated that 10% percent of long bone fractures progress to non-union and that a total of 100,000 fractures […]
Jacob Kang Introduction: Over 11 million people receive emergency treatment for burn wounds annually1. The surgical excision of subcutaneous tissue, necessary for skin grafting, often causes a deformity by creating an indentation. The injection of new adipose tissue, used as a cosmetic […]
Timothy Deville Introduction. MSCs obtained from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood are important components of bone tissue engineering, because they have the potential for acting as progenitor cells and also have the capacity of self‐renewal1. In order to implant […]
Roma Bhandarkar Introduction. Some damaged cells display cellular senescence, which is a stress response that results in permanent cell cycle arrest 2. Senescent cells secrete chemicals known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drive pathologies associated with aging, such as […]
Michael Junior Introduction. Sclerostin, a glycoprotein with a high affinity for bone that is encoded by the SOST gene, has been shown to have inhibitory effects on bone formation through various proposed mechanisms but most commonly accepted via inhibition of […]
Rahul Ghosh Introduction: Low-back pain, commonly associated with age-related degenerative disc disease (DDD), is a major healthcare burden in the United States with an estimated 60% – 90% lifetime prevalence 1. Spinal fusion is the standard of treatment for advanced […]
John Schmidt Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, decreased range of motion, osteophyte formation, and aberrant bone remodeling in over 27 million adults in the United States alone1,2. Numerous interacting growth factors and inflammatory […]
Jared A. Laney Introduction. Bone defects are commonly seen in medical practice; 5-10% of fractures do not heal properly and approximately 100,000 fractures annually are classified as non-union in the US.1-4 Complex bone defects/injuries, whether due to size, co-morbidities, or […]
Austin Childress Rotator cuff (RC) injuries are the most common cause of shoulder disability and pain in athletes and older adults, and the second most common musculoskeletal pathology behind lower back injury.1,2 Partial and full thickness tears to the RC […]