Michael Junior Introduction. Sclerostin, a glycoprotein with a high affinity for bone that is encoded by the SOST gene, has been shown to have inhibitory effects on bone formation through various proposed mechanisms but most commonly accepted via inhibition of […]
Rahul Ghosh Introduction: Low-back pain, commonly associated with age-related degenerative disc disease (DDD), is a major healthcare burden in the United States with an estimated 60% – 90% lifetime prevalence 1. Spinal fusion is the standard of treatment for advanced […]
John Schmidt Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, decreased range of motion, osteophyte formation, and aberrant bone remodeling in over 27 million adults in the United States alone1,2. Numerous interacting growth factors and inflammatory […]
Jared A. Laney Introduction. Bone defects are commonly seen in medical practice; 5-10% of fractures do not heal properly and approximately 100,000 fractures annually are classified as non-union in the US.1-4 Complex bone defects/injuries, whether due to size, co-morbidities, or […]
Austin Childress Rotator cuff (RC) injuries are the most common cause of shoulder disability and pain in athletes and older adults, and the second most common musculoskeletal pathology behind lower back injury.1,2 Partial and full thickness tears to the RC […]
Syed Zamin Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition due to the inflammation of synovium and breakdown of cartilage in joints which mainly affects the knees and hips1-2. It has a lifetime prevalence of 40% in males and 47% in […]
Luke Villamaria Introduction. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of four major ligaments of the knee and plays an important role in stability of the knee upon movement. ACL rupture is a common sports injury with a prevalence estimated […]
Patrick Tansey Introduction: The long-bone fracture healing process requires a hematoma formation, callus formation, angiogenesis and remodeling of the bony-callus over years with osteoblast and osteoclast activity.1 Bone regeneration should occur spontaneously after initial intervention, however up to 10% of […]
Chad Smith Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States, with an estimated 5.5 million fractures occurring annually16. Every bone fracture has the potential to develop into a nonunion fracture, with an occurrence rate of […]
Malina Patel Introduction. Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the low-density lipoprotein related protein 5 (LRP5) gene[1]. OPPG is characterized with early onset of osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, and […]