Orthopedics – Proceedings of the Texas A&M Medical Student Grand Rounds

Biomaterials Containing Growth Factors to Promote Neovascularization in Degenerated Bone As A Treatment for Osteonecrosis

July 25, 2019 Haydn Scherry

Haydn Scherry Introduction: Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that is susceptible to damage due to hypoxia. Conditions such as osteonecrosis arise when regions of the bone lose the blood supply that brings them nutrients and oxygen, resulting in cell death. Osteonecrosis (ON) is the cause of ~10% of the…

Orthopedics

Use of Small Molecule Manipulation of the Wnt/ β‐catenin and Smad/BMP Pathways for Promotion of Bone Growth

July 25, 2019 Clark Roth

Clark Roth Introduction. Non-union is a serious complication of a fracture characterized by an arrest in the fracture repair process. It is estimated that 10% percent of long bone fractures progress to non-union and that a total of 100,000 fractures go on to non-union yearly in the United States. 1…

Orthopedics

Silicon Ions May Fill Soft Tissue Defects by Inducing Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis

July 16, 2019 Jacob Kang

Jacob Kang Introduction: Over 11 million people receive emergency treatment for burn wounds annually1. The surgical excision of subcutaneous tissue, necessary for skin grafting, often causes a deformity by creating an indentation. The injection of new adipose tissue, used as a cosmetic treatment, is hampered by insufficient angiogenesis for the survival of…

Cardiology Orthopedics

Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Chitosan Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

July 11, 2019 Timothy Deville

Timothy Deville Introduction. MSCs obtained from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood are important components of bone tissue engineering, because they have the potential for acting as progenitor cells and also have the capacity of self‐renewal1. In order to implant to stem cells, it requires a porous scaffold to serve…

Orthopedics Stem Cells

ROS Production by Dysfunctional Mitochondria Leads to Cell Senescence and Bone Aging

July 2, 2019 Roma Bhandarkar

Roma Bhandarkar Introduction. Some damaged cells display cellular senescence, which is a stress response that results in permanent cell cycle arrest 2. Senescent cells secrete chemicals known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drive pathologies associated with aging, such as osteoarthritis 3. Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by degeneration…

Aging Orthopedics

The controversial molecular mechanisms of sclerostin and relevance to bone maintenance

July 24, 2018 Michael Junior

Michael Junior Introduction. Sclerostin, a glycoprotein with a high affinity for bone that is encoded by the SOST gene, has been shown to have inhibitory effects on bone formation through various proposed mechanisms but most commonly accepted via inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway (1-4). In osteoporosis, a disorder of…

Orthopedics

Emerging technologies for modulating mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation in tissue engineering constructs for use in spinal fusion procedures

July 23, 2018 Rahul Ghosh

Rahul Ghosh Introduction: Low-back pain, commonly associated with age-related degenerative disc disease (DDD), is a major healthcare burden in the United States with an estimated 60% – 90% lifetime prevalence 1. Spinal fusion is the standard of treatment for advanced stages of DDD that are unresponsive to physical therapy or…

Orthopedics Stem Cells

Evolving Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Delivery Scaffolds in Osteoarthritis

July 23, 2018 John Schmidt

John Schmidt Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, decreased range of motion, osteophyte formation, and aberrant bone remodeling in over 27 million adults in the United States alone1,2. Numerous interacting growth factors and inflammatory cytokines modulate the various pathways that lead to chondrocyte hypertrophy…

Immunology Orthopedics Stem Cells

The Role of Notch Signaling in Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental-Derived Stem Cells

July 9, 2018 Jared A. Laney

Jared A. Laney Introduction. Bone defects are commonly seen in medical practice; 5-10% of fractures do not heal properly and approximately 100,000 fractures annually are classified as non-union in the US.1-4 Complex bone defects/injuries, whether due to size, co-morbidities, or location can be difficult to heal.1-3,5 Treatment of these conditions…

Orthopedics Stem Cells

Emerging technologies – Advances in tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells and scaffolds in rotator cuff repair.

July 6, 2018 Steven Maxwell

Austin Childress Rotator cuff (RC) injuries are the most common cause of shoulder disability and pain in athletes and older adults, and the second most common musculoskeletal pathology behind lower back injury.1,2 Partial and full thickness tears to the RC are associated with pain and instability and if left untreated…

Orthopedics Stem Cells