Syed Zamin Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition due to the inflammation of synovium and breakdown of cartilage in joints which mainly affects the knees and hips1-2. It has a lifetime prevalence of 40% in males and 47% in […]
Luke Villamaria Introduction. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of four major ligaments of the knee and plays an important role in stability of the knee upon movement. ACL rupture is a common sports injury with a prevalence estimated […]
Patrick Tansey Introduction: The long-bone fracture healing process requires a hematoma formation, callus formation, angiogenesis and remodeling of the bony-callus over years with osteoblast and osteoclast activity.1 Bone regeneration should occur spontaneously after initial intervention, however up to 10% of […]
Chad Smith Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States, with an estimated 5.5 million fractures occurring annually16. Every bone fracture has the potential to develop into a nonunion fracture, with an occurrence rate of […]
Malina Patel Introduction. Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the low-density lipoprotein related protein 5 (LRP5) gene[1]. OPPG is characterized with early onset of osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, and […]
Adam Olson Introduction. Damage to articular cartilage often results from physical trauma or age-related abrasion.4 In all cases, however, it leads to constant pain and functional limitations, and can predispose individuals to osteoarthritis.1,2,4 Once damaged, the poorly vascularized tissue is […]
Wade Nedderman Introduction: Bone disorders have trended upwards recently, especially in populations plagued by obesity and the aging baby boomer population1. Autografts are the current gold standard for bone replacement as a result of its histocompatibility and non-immunogenic properties1. Autografts […]
Brendan Mueller Introduction. Chikungunya disease is an acute-febrile illness, caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is debilitating, arthritic, and transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Aedes1. Within the past 15 years, there has been a re-emergence of CHIKV outbreaks […]
Garret Hisle Introduction: The process of bone repair and the healing of bone fractures caused by trauma or disease has a significant clinical relevance due to the limited effectiveness in current treatment options. Among the Osteoinductive growth factors used for […]
Courtney Beard Introduction: Use of stem cells to repair or regenerate orthopedic tissue recently has become an area of intense research due to the high prevalence of tissue defects and injury. While bone tissue has been shown to be an […]