Category: Endocrinology

Novel 2D Beta Cell Differentiation Method Promotes Mature Beta Cell Differentiation from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Controlling Cytoskeletal Polymerization States with Latrunculin A to Restore Normoglycemia to Diabetic Mice

June 12, 2022 Andrew Krueger
Andrew Krueger Introduction: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system attacks its own beta cells due to a variety of environmental and genetic causes that are yet to be fully understood1, 2. The result is complete destruction of the beta cells and eventually complete insulin insufficiency and dependance…
Endocrinology Stem Cells

Inulin Enhances Response to Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma Patients

June 2, 2022 Jourdan Hydol Smith
Jourdan Hydol Smith Introduction:  Melanoma, considered the deadliest form of skin cancer, is characterized by the malignant transformation of melanocytes which are responsible for producing melanin.1 Current treatments of melanoma include surgical resection through Mohs Surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy through immune checkpoint inhibitors.1 Given the importance of treatment through…
Cancer Endocrinology Immunology

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immunomodulatory Potency to Promote Pancreatic Islet Cell Health of Type 1 Diabetes

May 31, 2022 Mia Aguilar
Mia Aguilar Introduction. The chronic-autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) affects millions of people worldwide with incident rates continuing to rise 3-4% every year over the past 30 years.1 Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) presenting β cell peptides to autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Attachment of…
Endocrinology Immunology Stem Cells

Gut Dysbiosis in Type 1 Diabetes: Islet Cell Cytokine Response to Co-Culture with Bacteroides Dorei

August 10, 2021 Tanner Walker
Tanner Walker Introduction. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease, affecting 1.6 million Americans, that destroys β cells in the pancreas resulting in chronic hyperglycemia if left untreated with daily exogenous insulin 1 – 4. With 64,000 Americans being newly diagnosed each year, a juvenile onset, and a…
Endocrinology Featured Abstracts Microbiology

Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis Involving Insulin Sensitivity, Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

August 5, 2021 Rithwik Terala
Rithwik Terala Introduction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both1. Insulin resistance corresponds with a failure of pancreatic islets to compensate for the decline in insulin sensitivity (β-cell failure) associated…
Endocrinology

The Role of Arginase in the Development of Diabetes-Associated Vascular Dysfunction

August 5, 2021 Nicholas Tan
Nicholas Tan Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder affecting approximately 415 million people worldwide.1,2  The disorder develops as the result of relative insulin deficiency due to insulin resistance or loss of function in pancreatic-ꞵ-cells.3 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is commonly associated with diabetes, with diabetic patients having…
Cardiology Endocrinology Featured Abstracts

Placental CpG Methylation on HPA Axis Genes Caused by Conflict-Zone Stress

July 3, 2020 Catherine Mancilla
Catherine Mancilla Introduction. When pregnant people experience stress, the glucocorticoids they produce to manage their own stress response cross the placenta and enact epigenetic changes on fetal neurodevelopment.1-4 These epigenetic changes include CpG methylation and are prominent in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis,1-4 leading to altered responses to stress throughout the…
Development Endocrinology