Month: July 2025

The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Major Depressive Disorder

July 30, 2025 Conrad Li
Conrad Li Background: Major depression disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of MDD is complex and poorly understood with multiple competing theories including HPA axis dysregulation, monoamine deficiency, and chronic neuroinflammation.13 Studies over the last couple decades have found links between gut microbiome abnormalities and…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Psychiatry

The Role of Adiponectin in Glycemic Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

July 30, 2025 Changhee Lee
Changhee Lee Background:  Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most common metabolic conditions worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 463 milllion adults globally as of 20191. Intermittent fasting (IF), which involves modified timing of caloric intake without intentional change in overall intake, has demonstrated promise as a non-pharmacologic means…
Diabetes Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts

Investigation of Novel Pharmacologic Regimens for the Treatment and Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity

July 30, 2025 Varun Kumar
Varun Kumar Background:  Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is best defined as the excessive growth of vasculature in the retina and its associated deleterious consequences (Brown & Nwanyanwu, 2023). ROP is strongly associated with prematurity, low birth weight, and early exposure to a high oxygen environment (Brown & Nwanyanwu, 2023). In…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Ophthalmology

Assessing the Effects of Space Travel on the Gut Microbiome and the Potential Impacts on Future Mission Planning

July 30, 2025 Anokhi Kholwadwala
Anokhi Kholwadwala  Background: Compared to Earth, those living aboard the ISS are exposed to reduced microbial diversity and higher concentrations of synthetic chemicals1. Astronauts exposed to this environment experience increased gut permeability wherein substances from the gut leak into the bloodstream causing issues like inflammation2. The presence of microgravity is…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Microbiome

Tracheal Reconstruction: State of the Art

July 30, 2025 Cameron Keehn
Cameron Keehn Background:  Tracheal reconstruction restores normal airway function in patients with a variety of structural and pathological airway conditions1. Indications for reconstruction are diverse2,3. Examples include various stenotic conditions4, structural weakness, or tissue resections. Given the complex anatomy and critical function of the trachea, reconstruction plays a key role…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Management in Resource-Limited Settings

July 30, 2025 Anika Kamisetty
Anika Kamisetty Background:  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for premature infants in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs)1,6. RDS is due to deficiency in surfactant formation in premature lungs and is responsible for around 45% of preterm newborn deaths in some…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Respiratory

Postoperative Peripheral Neuropathy (PPN): A Comprehensive Literature Review of Incidence Rates and Contributory Variables

July 30, 2025 Maggie Jordan
Maggie Jordan Background:  Postoperative peripheral neuropathy (PPN) is an outcome of significant concern for patients who undergo surgical procedures as well as their providers, often leading to prolonged patient morbidity and diminished quality of life. However, exact diagnosis criteria and mechanisms of injury for PPN remain unclear. Incidence rates vary…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Neuroscience

Opportunities for Automating Clinical Decision-Making Tasks in Primary Care

July 29, 2025 Eden Hochbaum
Eden Hochbaum Background: Recent advances in software systems hold great promise for transforming clinical decision-making in primary care2,6,8. However, adoption of these technologies in the U.S. remains limited2,6.  This gap is known as the “AI Chasm2.” Objectives: This work aims to (1) evaluate the current landscape of clinical decision-making technologies,…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections in the Treatment of Bursitis

July 29, 2025 Joseph Fedro
Joseph Fedro Background: Bursitis, the inflammation of fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints, commonly arises from repetitive motion, injury, or infection.1 Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.1,2 Traditional treatments include conservative options such as activity modification and NSAIDs, as well as more invasive approaches like corticosteroid injections and surgery.1,2 Platelet-rich…
Engineering Medicine Featured Abstracts Inflammation